Dates function

DATE

Build a date from its three parts.

Purpose

Build a date out of a year, a month and a day

Returns

A date

Syntax

=DATE(year, month, day)

ArgumentRequiredWhat goes here
yearRequiredThe year in full, like 2026.
monthRequiredThe month as a number, 1 to 12.
dayRequiredThe day of the month.

How to use DATE

DATE takes three numbers and puts them together into a date. It is the way back from the parts YEAR, MONTH and DAY pull out.

Its useful trick is that it accepts numbers outside the normal range and carries them. Month 13 becomes January of the next year, and day 0 becomes the last day of the previous month.

That is how a period boundary gets built without a table of month lengths, though EOMONTH says the same thing more plainly and is easier to read six months later.

A date that cannot exist is refused rather than shifted.

Examples

Every result below is worked out by the same evaluator that marks your answers, on the sheet shown here.

Receivables ageing — October.xlsxSheet1
A receivables schedule with its reporting date above the data, the layout a real ageing uses
ABCDE
1Reporting date2026-10-31
2
3InvoiceInvoice dateTerms (days)AmountCustomer
4INV-90012026-07-14301200Calder Utilities
5INV-90022026-08-2930640Brightwell Paper
6INV-90032026-09-03453100Meridian Freight
7INV-90042026-09-3014455Thornbury Print
8INV-90052026-10-12302080Calder Utilities
9INV-90062026-10-2760725Ashgrove Catering
FormulaResult
=DATE(2026,10,31)The three parts written out.2026-10-31
=DATE(YEAR(B1),MONTH(B1),1)The first day of the reporting month, for a period that starts there.2026-10-01
=DATE(YEAR(B4),MONTH(B4)+1,1)The first of the month after the invoice. Month 8 here, but the same formula on a December date rolls into the next year on its own.2026-08-01
=DATE(YEAR(B1),MONTH(B1)+1,0)Day nought of next month is the last day of this one. EOMONTH does this without the trick.2026-10-31

Notes

  • A date such as 30 February is refused here rather than rolled forward to 2 March.
  • Where a period end is what you want, EOMONTH states it. DATE with day nought works and reads as a puzzle.
Practise DATE in Unit 25

A reference tells you what it does. A unit makes you use it.