Totals and counts function

AVERAGE

Average the numbers.

Purpose

Find the typical figure in a column

Returns

The total of the numbers divided by how many there were

Syntax

=AVERAGE(range1, [range2], ...)

ArgumentRequiredWhat goes here
range1RequiredThe cells to average, like C2:C13.
range2OptionalThe cells to average, like C2:C13.

How to use AVERAGE

AVERAGE adds the numbers and divides by how many it found. Blanks and text are ignored rather than counted as nought, which changes the answer.

That is usually right and occasionally very wrong. If a missing amount really means nought, the average is being taken over too few rows and comes out too high.

An average over a handful of rows moves a long way on one large item. On a ledger it is a starting point rather than a conclusion, and MAX is often the more useful question.

Examples

Every result below is worked out by the same evaluator that marks your answers, on the sheet shown here.

Payables ageing — October.xlsxSheet1
Harbour Foods payables at 31 October 2026, with supplier terms alongside
ABCDEFGH
1InvoiceSupplierStatusDays overdueAmountSupplierTerms (days)
2INV-8801Brightwell PaperOverdue12940Ashgrove Catering30
3INV-8802Calder UtilitiesQueried471180Brightwell Paper30
4INV-8803Meridian FreightOverdue632450Calder Utilities14
5INV-8804Ashgrove CateringOn terms0405Meridian Freight45
6INV-8805Brightwell PaperOverdue38760Thornbury Print60
7INV-8806Thornbury PrintOverdue911320
8INV-8807Meridian FreightOn terms0580
9INV-8808Calder UtilitiesOverdue24215
FormulaResult
=AVERAGE(E2:E9)The typical invoice on this ledger.981.25
=ROUND(AVERAGE(E2:E9),2)Rounded to the penny, because an average is where the trailing decimals come from.981.25
=SUM(E2:E9)/COUNT(E2:E9)The same answer written out, which is worth seeing once so the blanks question is obvious.981.25
=AVERAGE(D2:D9)Average days overdue, counting the rows that are not overdue at all. SUMPRODUCT weighting is usually the figure that gets reported.34.375

Notes

  • AVERAGE skips blanks. If a blank means nought, the answer is too high and nothing warns you.
  • AVERAGEIF and AVERAGEIFS narrow it to the rows that meet a condition.
Practise AVERAGE in Unit 02

A reference tells you what it does. A unit makes you use it.